M63 in H-alpha and continuum light

M63 (also known as Sunflower Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy in constellation Canes Venatici which lies at a distance of about 29 million light years. It is the largest member of the M51 group.

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M63 in H-alpha and continuum light — In both images NIR (near infrared) is mapped to red, yellow is mapped to green and blue is mapped to blue. In the version with H-alpha that emission line is shown in reddish orange.
By toggling between the images (click on the button) it can be seen that the HII regions (reddish) correlate with bluish regions. That's because the HII gas clouds typically contain many young (blue) stars which are also responsible for the ionization. Furthermore the HII regions also emit [OIII] and H-beta light which is collected by the blue filter.
The spiral structure is only visible near the center of the galaxy. The outer disk has been disturbed by accretion of dwarf galaxies and by tidal effects, see [1]. The clump in western (right in the image) outer region is UGCA 342. (Outlines can be plotted in the Javascript viewer by pressing the key '3' or via menu.) According to [1] this structure seems to be a part of M63, maybe a remnant of a spiral arm.

M63 in continuum light — In both images NIR (near infrared) is mapped to red, yellow is mapped to green and blue is mapped to blue. In the version with H-alpha that emission line is shown in reddish orange.
By toggling between the images (click on the button) it can be seen that the HII regions (reddish) correlate with bluish regions. That's because the HII gas clouds typically contain many young (blue) stars which are also responsible for the ionization. Furthermore the HII regions also emit [OIII] and H-beta light which is collected by the blue filter.
The spiral structure is only visible near the center of the galaxy. The outer disk has been disturbed by accretion of dwarf galaxies and by tidal effects, see [1]. The clump in western (right in the image) outer region is UGCA 342. (Outlines can be plotted in the Javascript viewer by pressing the key '3' or via menu.) According to [1] this structure seems to be a part of M63, maybe a remnant of a spiral arm.

Image data

FOV:

0.53° × 0.4° (full view)

Date:

2020-2022

Location:

Pulsnitz, Germany

Instrument:

400mm Newton at f=1520mm

Camera Sensor:

Panasonic MN34230

Orientation:

North is up

Scale:

0.8 arcsec/pixel (at full resolution)

Total exposure times:

H-alpha (3nm):	18.3 h
NIR:	3.8 h
Yellow (540nm to 650nm):	6.2 h
Blue:	3.5 h

Image processing

All image processing steps are deterministic, i.e. there was no manual retouching or any other kind of non-reproducible adjustment. The software which was used can be downloaded here.

Image processing steps where:

Bias correction, dark current subtraction, flatfield correction
Alignment and brightness calibration using stars from reference image
Stacking with masking unlikely values and background correction
Denoising and deconvolution
Color composition
Dynamic range compression using non-linear high-pass filter
Tonal curve correction

References

Taylor S. Chonis et al. (2011). "A PETAL OF THE SUNFLOWER: PHOTOMETRY OF THE STELLAR TIDAL STREAM IN THE HALO OF MESSIER 63 (NGC 5055)". The Astrophysical Journal. 142 (5): 166.

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